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. 2009 Jan-Mar;3(1):55-60.
doi: 10.1590/S1980-57642009DN30100011.

Normative data for healthy elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency task - FAS

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Normative data for healthy elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency task - FAS

Thais Helena Machado et al. Dement Neuropsychol. 2009 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Phonemic verbal fluency tests assess the production of words beginning with specific letters. Of these letters, the most frequently used are F, A and S. It is a sensitive test for assessing frontal lobe functions.

Objective: To provide normative data for the elderly Brazilian population on the FAS test and to investigate the effects of age and schooling on test performance.

Methods: The individuals were divided into three age groups (60-69, 70-79 and =80 years), and into four groups according to education (1-3, 4-7, 8-11 and 12 years). All subjects were assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination and the FAS. Data were analyzed with Student's t test, ANOVA, simple linear regression and Spearman's correlation.

Results: We evaluated 345 cognitively healthy volunteers, 66.66% being female, aged 60 to 93 years, with an educational level ranging from one to 24 years. The average (number of items) ±SD for the whole sample was 28.28±11.53. No significant effect of gender was observed (p=0.5). Performance on the MMSE and education exerted a direct influence on FAS scores (p<0.001), with education being the most significant factor. A positive correlation was found between FAS and the MMSE (r=0.404; p<0.001).

Conclusion: The performance of Brazilian elderly on the phonemic verbal fluency tests-FAS is significantly influenced by education, where individuals with higher educational level present better performance than those with fewer years of schooling. Age and gender did not prove significant with the FAS.

Testes de fluência verbal fonêmica avaliam a produção de palavras que se iniciam com determinadas letras. Destas, as mais utilizadas são F, A e S. É um teste sensível para avaliar funções do lobo frontal.

Objetivo: Estabelecer dados normativos para a população idosa brasileira no teste de fluência verbal fonêmica FAS e investigar os efeitos da idade e escolaridade no mesmo teste.

Materiais e métodos: Os sujeitos foram divididos em três grupos de idade (60–69, 70–79 e =80 anos) e quatro de escolaridade (1–3, 4–7, 8–11, ≥12 anos). Todos foram avaliados pelo Mini-Exame do Estado Mental e fluência verbal fonêmica FAS. Os dados foram analisados com o test t de Student, ANOVA, regressão linear simples e correlação de Spearman.

Resultados: Foram avaliados 345 idosos cognitivamente saudáveis, 66,66% do gênero feminino, idade entre 60 e 93 anos e escolaridade entre 01 e 24 anos. A média (número de itens) ±DP na amostra toda foi 28.28±11.53. Não houve influência do gênero nos resultados (p=0.5). A performance no MEEM e o nível educacional exerceram influência direta nos escores do FAS (p<0.001), com a educação sendo o fator mais importante. Uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre os escores no FAS e MEEM (r=0.404; p<0.001).

Conclusão: O desempenho de idosos brasileiros no Teste de Fluência Verbal Fonêmica – FAS é significativamente influenciado pelo grau de escolaridade, com os indivíduos com nível educacional mais elevado apresentando desempenho superior àqueles com menos tempo de estudo formal. Idade e gênero não apresentaram significância com o FAS.

Keywords: educational status; healthy elderly; normative data; verbal fluency.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors reports no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Graph 1
Graph 1
FAS scores with 95% CI in the three age groups.
Graph 2
Graph 2
FAS scores with 95% CI in the four education groups.

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