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Review
. 2017 Dec 5:7:44.
doi: 10.1186/s13601-017-0176-5. eCollection 2017.

Is there a sex-shift in prevalence of allergic rhinitis and comorbid asthma from childhood to adulthood? A meta-analysis

M Fröhlich  1   2 , M Pinart  1   3   4   5   6   7 , T Keller  1 , A Reich  8 , B Cabieses  9 , C Hohmann  1 , D S Postma  10 , J Bousquet  11   12   13 , J M Antó  4   5   6   7 , T Keil  1   14 , S Roll  1
Affiliations
Review

Is there a sex-shift in prevalence of allergic rhinitis and comorbid asthma from childhood to adulthood? A meta-analysis

M Fröhlich et al. Clin Transl Allergy. .

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma as single entities affect more boys than girls in childhood but more females in adulthood. However, it is unclear if this prevalence sex-shift also occurs in allergic rhinitis and concurrent asthma. Thus, our aim was to compare sex-specific differences in the prevalence of coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma in childhood, adolescence and adulthood.

Methods: Post-hoc analysis of systematic review with meta-analysis concerning sex-specific prevalence of allergic rhinitis. Using random-effects meta-analysis, we assessed male-female ratios for coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma in children (0-10 years), adolescents (11-17) and adults (> 17). Electronic searches were performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE for the time period 2000-2014. We included population-based observational studies, reporting coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma as outcome stratified by sex. We excluded non-original or non-population-based studies, studies with only male or female participants or selective patient collectives.

Results: From a total of 6539 citations, 10 studies with a total of 93,483 participants met the inclusion criteria. The male-female ratios (95% CI) for coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma were 1.65 (1.52; 1.78) in children (N = 6 studies), 0.61 (0.51; 0.72) in adolescents (N = 2) and 1.03 (0.79; 1.35) in adults (N = 2). Male-female ratios for allergic rhinitis only were 1.25 (1.19; 1.32, N = 5) in children, 0.80 (0.71; 0.89, N = 2) in adolescents and 0.98 (0.74; 1.30, N = 2) in adults, respectively.

Conclusions: The prevalence of coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma shows a clear male predominance in childhood and seems to switch to a female predominance in adolescents. This switch was less pronounced for allergic rhinitis only.

Keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Asthma; Multimorbidity; Prevalence; Systematic review.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA flow chart for literature search
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot estimating the difference in prevalence of current coexisting allergic rhinitis and asthma between males and females in childhood, adolescence and adulthood
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot estimating the difference in prevalence of allergic rhinitis only between males and females in childhood, adolescence and adulthood
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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