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. 2018 Nov;44 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S307-S313.
doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000463.

Neuropathic-Like Ocular Pain and Nonocular Comorbidities Correlate With Dry Eye Symptoms

Victoria S Chang  1 , Terri P Rose, Carol L Karp, Roy C Levitt, Constantine Sarantopoulos, Anat Galor
Affiliations

Neuropathic-Like Ocular Pain and Nonocular Comorbidities Correlate With Dry Eye Symptoms

Victoria S Chang et al. Eye Contact Lens. 2018 Nov.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association between dry eye (DE) symptoms and neuropathic-like ocular pain (NOP) features, chronic pain conditions, depression, and anxiety in patients presenting for routine ophthalmic examinations.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-three consecutive patients ≥18 years of age presenting to a comprehensive eye clinic between January and August 2016 were included in this study. Information on demographics, chronic pain conditions, medication use, DE symptoms (dry eye questionnaire, DEQ5), NOP complaints (burning; wind, light, and temperature sensitivity), depression, and anxiety indices (patient health questionnaire 9, PHQ-9 and symptom checklist 90-revised, SCL-90-R) were collected for each individual. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate strengths of association. Logistic regression analysis examined risk factors for any (DEQ5≥6) and severe (DEQ5≥12) DE symptoms.

Results: The mean age of the population was 46.3 years (±13.0); 67.8% (n=158) were female. Per the DEQ5, 40.3% (n=94) had mild or greater DE symptoms and 12% (n=24) had severe symptoms. Severity of DE symptoms correlated with NOP complaints: burning (Pearson r=0.37, P<0.001); sensitivity to wind (r=0.37, P<0.001), sensitivity to light (r=0.34, P<0.001), and sensitivity to temperature (r=0.30, P<0.001). Sex, race, and ethnicity were not significant risk factors for DE symptoms. Risk factors for mild or greater DE symptoms included a greater number of chronic nonocular pain conditions (odds ratio [OR]=1.38, P<0.001), arthritic pain (OR=6.34, P<0.001), back pain (OR=2.47, P=0.004), headaches (OR=2.14, P=0.02), depression (OR=1.17, P<0.001), and anxiety (OR=1.13, P=0.02).

Conclusion: Dry eye severity positively associated with NOP complaints, comorbid chronic pain conditions, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: No conflicting relationship exists for any author.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of patients with mild or greater dry eye (DE) symptoms (dry eye questionnaire 5 (DEQ5) ≥ 6) in a comprehensive eye clinic by gender and age.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between dry eye symptoms (dry eye questionnaire 5, DEQ5) and ocular burning. (r= Pearson’s correlation)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between dry eye symptoms (dry eye questionnaire 5, DEQ5) and depression (patient health questionnaire 9, PHQ-9). (r= Pearson’s correlation)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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