Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study (PACCS): international collaboration 4 years' summary and future direction

Abstract

Objective: The prediabetes and cardiovascular complications studies proposes to develop a screening protocol for diabetes cardiovascular risk, and strategies for holistic management amongst others. Over 500 participants were recruited in the first 2 years of rural community research screening. Specific for this report, various published findings were reviewed. The objective is to summarize research outcomes and itemize limitations as they constitute basis of future directions.

Results: Affordability and availability are major confounding behavioural change wheel factors in the rural community. 4.9% prevalence of prediabetes, which may be lower or non-significantly different in urban areas. Hyperglycaemia co-morbidity with dyslipidaemia (5.0%), obesity (3.1%) and hypertension (1.8%) were observed. Limitation of the study includes participants being mostly over 60 years old, which has created impetus for the Global Alliance on Chronic Diseases agenda on vulnerability of older adults to diabetes being a new direction of the collaboration. Other directions in Australia and Nepal focus on patients with chronic kidney disease with or without cardiovascular complications. This report highlights the need to translational research.

Keywords: Cardiovascular complications; Diabetes mellitus; Early identification and intervention; Holistic healthcare management; Low-mid income countries; Prediabetes; Public health.

Fig. 1

Estimated global burden and deaths due to CVD. *Deaths due to CVD vs. other diseases [4]; **LMIC vs. developed countries [5, 6]

Fig. 2

Comparisons of average levels anthropometric and biochemical parameters between gender group and ‘rural vs. urban clusters’