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Comment
. 2018 Jan 2;115(1):E3-E4.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1717001115. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

Reply to Liu: Inflammation before implantation both in evolution and development

Oliver W Griffith  1   2 , Arun R Chavan  3   2 , Stella Protopapas  3   2 , Jamie Maziarz  3   2 , Roberto Romero  4   5   6   7 , Günter P Wagner  3   2   8   9
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Comment

Reply to Liu: Inflammation before implantation both in evolution and development

Oliver W Griffith et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Phylogeny of major extant mammalian lineages. We have noted where transformations to the maternal–fetal inflammation response have occurred along branches. 1) Uterine inflammation occurs as a result of the presence of a fetus in utero; this is distinct from the ancestral egg-laying case where uterine inflammation did not occur (1, 4). 2) The blastocyst evolves to invade maternal uterine tissue, perhaps by recruiting the L-selectin pathway and “mimicking” leukocyte cell behavior. 3) The inflammation response is assimilated and induced at some level without attachment, this occurs because of its necessity for the success of implantation and reproduction. Inflammation is a mechanism of receptivity, attracts the blastocyst, and initiates implantation; this explains why uterine biopsies promote implantation success in in vitro fertilization (8, 9).
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References

    1. Griffith OW, et al. Embryo implantation evolved from an ancestral inflammatory attachment reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:E6566–E6575. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu J-L. Implantation in eutherians: Which came first, the inflammatory reaction or attachment? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;115:E1–E2. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Genbacev OD, et al. Trophoblast L-selectin-mediated adhesion at the maternal-fetal interface. Science. 2003;299:405–408. - PubMed
    1. Chavan AR, Griffith OW, Wagner GP. The inflammation paradox in the evolution of mammalian pregnancy: Turning a foe into a friend. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2017;47:24–32. - PubMed
    1. Waddington CH. Genetic assimilation of an acquired character. Evolution. 1953;7:118–126.

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