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. 2017 Dec;42(12):742-755.

Progress in Nanomedicine: Approved and Investigational Nanodrugs

C Lee Ventola

Progress in Nanomedicine: Approved and Investigational Nanodrugs

C Lee Ventola. P T. 2017 Dec.

Abstract

Nanomedicine is a relatively new and rapidly evolving field combining nanotechnology with the biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.1-3 Nanoparticles (NPs) can impart many pharmacokinetic, efficacy, safety, and targeting benefits when they are included in drug formulations.1-5 Many nanodrugs have entered clinical practice, and even more are being investigated in clinical trials for a wide variety of indications.2 However, nanopharmaceuticals also face challenges, such as the need for better characterization, possible toxicity issues, a lack of specific regulatory guidelines, cost-benefit considerations, and waning enthusiasm among some health care professionals. 4,5 For these reasons, expectations regarding nanodrugs that are in early stages of development or clinical trials need to remain realistic.4.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Types of Nanoparticles in Approved and Investigational Drugs
Figure 2
Figure 2
Liposomal Nanoparticle This artificially constructed, spherical vesicle—a drug delivery liposome—has a selectively permeable wall that closely resembles the membrane of a living cell. The membrane consists of a dual layer of phospholipids. Each phospholipid consists of a phosphate group head (orange) and a fatty acid tail (purple). (Credit: Tammy Kalber and Simon Richardson, UCL CABI/Science Source)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Crystals PEG is often coupled to drug molecules to enhance tolerability, reduce clearance, and lengthen circulation time, especially in cancer therapy. (Credit: Antonio Romero/Science Source)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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