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Review
. 2017 Dec 13;6(12):e007161.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007161.

Impact of Demographic Features, Lifestyle, and Comorbidities on the Clinical Expression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Gherardo Finocchiaro  1 , Emma Magavern  2 , Gianfranco Sinagra  3 , Euan Ashley  4 , Michael Papadakis  1 , Maite Tome-Esteban  1 , Sanjay Sharma  1 , Iacopo Olivotto  5
Affiliations
Review

Impact of Demographic Features, Lifestyle, and Comorbidities on the Clinical Expression of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Gherardo Finocchiaro et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .
No abstract available

Keywords: environment; genetics; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sex differences in left ventricular (LV) mass in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Men exhibit significantly higher values of indexed LV mass. Reprinted from Olivotto et al25 with permission. Copyright ©2008, Elsevier.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Alcohol and left ventricular (LV) obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. After ethanol ingestion the average LV gradients increase from an average of 38.1 to 62.2 mm Hg. Reprinted from Paz et al55 with permission. Copyright ©1996, the Massachusetts Medical Society.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between left ventricular (LV) mass and body mass index (BMI) (A) and LV mass indexed for body surface area and BMI (B) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Obese individuals (BMI >30) exhibit higher values of LV mass and indexed LV mass. Reprinted from Olivotto et al64 with permission. Copyright ©2013, Elsevier.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Continuum between genetic predisposition and environmental influences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Multiple variants usually have a severe phenotypic expression that is less likely to be dependent from environment, while, in individuals harboring a single mutation, the effect of other acquired conditions may be more relevant. Multiple variants, each with small effect size, may interact with nongenetic factors to produce a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype. Genetic variants recognized as pathogenic may be present in healthy individuals where the phenotypic expression emerges only after the interaction with a specific environmental factor. CAD indicates coronary artery disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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