Barriers, facilitators, and potential strategies for increasing HPV vaccination: A statewide assessment to inform action

Abstract

Objective: The objective was to investigate how state level strategies in South Carolina could maximize HPV vaccine uptake.

Design: An environmental scan identified barriers, facilitators, and strategies for improving HPV vaccination in South Carolina. Interviews were conducted with state leaders from relevant organizations such as public health agencies, medical associations, K-12 schools, universities, insurers, and cancer advocacy organizations. A thematic content analysis design was used. Digital interview files were transcribed, a data dictionary was created and data were coded using the data dictionary.

Results: Thirty four interviews were conducted with state leaders. Barriers to HPV vaccination included lack of HPV awareness, lack of provider recommendation, HPV vaccine concerns, lack of access and practice-level barriers. Facilitators included momentum for improving HPV vaccination, school-entry Tdap requirement, pharmacy-based HPV vaccination, state immunization registry, HEDIS measures and HPV vaccine funding. Strategies for improving HPV vaccination fell into three categories: 1) addressing lack of awareness about the importance of HPV vaccination among the public and providers; 2) advocating for policy changes around HPV vaccine coverage, vaccine education, and pharmacy-based vaccination; and 3) coordination of efforts.

Discussion: A statewide environmental scan generated a blueprint for action to be used to improve HPV vaccination in the state.

Keywords: Barriers; Cervical cancer; Facilitators; HPV; HPV vaccines; Health systems; Prevention; South Carolina; Strategies.