A quantum-dot spin qubit with coherence limited by charge noise and fidelity higher than 99.9

Abstract

The isolation of qubits from noise sources, such as surrounding nuclear spins and spin-electric susceptibility ^1-4 , has enabled extensions of quantum coherence times in recent pivotal advances towards the concrete implementation of spin-based quantum computation. In fact, the possibility of achieving enhanced quantum coherence has been substantially doubted for nanostructures due to the characteristic high degree of background charge fluctuations ^5-7 . Still, a sizeable spin-electric coupling will be needed in realistic multiple-qubit systems to address single-spin and spin-spin manipulations ^8-10 . Here, we realize a single-electron spin qubit with an isotopically enriched phase coherence time (20 μs) ^11,12 and fast electrical control speed (up to 30 MHz) mediated by extrinsic spin-electric coupling. Using rapid spin rotations, we reveal that the free-evolution dephasing is caused by charge noise-rather than conventional magnetic noise-as highlighted by a 1/f spectrum extended over seven decades of frequency. The qubit exhibits superior performance with single-qubit gate fidelities exceeding 99.9% on average, offering a promising route to large-scale spin-qubit systems with fault-tolerant controllability.