Women, subjective depression, and water exercise

Abstract

Nearly one fourth (N = 21) of the women participants of a water exercise program (N = 88) reported feeling depressed at the time of enrollment. All the depressed women reported improvement after 8 weeks or more in the program. The subjectively depressed participants differed significantly from other class members in physical problems, lifestyle habits, and emotional concerns they hoped to address and in motivation, perceived helpful conversation with peers, and learning from the classes. Subjective symptoms are discussed in light of current information on depressive disorders. The findings contributed to the growing body of research linking exercise with the treatment and prevention of depression. Recommendations for the conduct of similar exercise programs that will be responsive to the needs of subjectively depressed women are offered.