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. 2017 Dec 19;18(12):2757.
doi: 10.3390/ijms18122757.

Biopersistence of NiO and TiO₂ Nanoparticles Following Intratracheal Instillation and Inhalation

Takako Oyabu  1 , Toshihiko Myojo  2 , Byeong-Woo Lee  3 , Takami Okada  4 , Hiroto Izumi  5 , Yukiko Yoshiura  6 , Taisuke Tomonaga  7 , Yun-Shan Li  8 , Kazuaki Kawai  9 , Manabu Shimada  10 , Masaru Kubo  11 , Kazuhiro Yamamoto  12 , Kenji Kawaguchi  13 , Takeshi Sasaki  14 , Yasuo Morimoto  15
Affiliations

Biopersistence of NiO and TiO₂ Nanoparticles Following Intratracheal Instillation and Inhalation

Takako Oyabu et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The hazards of various types of nanoparticles with high functionality have not been fully assessed. We investigated the usefulness of biopersistence as a hazard indicator of nanoparticles by performing inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies and comparing the biopersistence of two nanoparticles with different toxicities: NiO and TiO₂ nanoparticles with high and low toxicity among nanoparticles, respectively. In the 4-week inhalation studies, the average exposure concentrations were 0.32 and 1.65 mg/m³ for NiO, and 0.50 and 1.84 mg/m³ for TiO₂. In the instillation studies, 0.2 and 1.0 mg of NiO nanoparticles and 0.2, 0.36, and 1.0 mg of TiO₂ were dispersed in 0.4 mL water and instilled to rats. After the exposure, the lung burden in each of five rats was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) from 3 days to 3 months for inhalation studies and to 6 months for instillation studies. In both the inhalation and instillation studies, NiO nanoparticles persisted for longer in the lung compared with TiO₂ nanoparticles, and the calculated biological half times (BHTs) of the NiO nanoparticles was longer than that of the TiO₂ nanoparticles. Biopersistence also correlated with histopathological changes, inflammatory response, and other biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after the exposure to nanoparticles. These results suggested that the biopersistence is a good indicator of the hazards of nanoparticles.

Keywords: NiO; TiO2; biopersistence; inhalation; intratracheal instillation; lung burden; nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biopersistence of NiO and TiO2 nanoparticles in rat lungs in inhalation studies. (A) NiO nanoparticles; (B) TiO2 nanoparticles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biopersistence of NiO and TiO2 nanoparticles in rat lungs in intratracheal instillation studies. (A) NiO nanoparticles; (B) TiO2 nanoparticles.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between lung burden and biological half time in inhalation and instillation studies.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) at 3 days after the inhalation. (A) ② NiO-IH-H; (B) ⑥ TiO2-IH-H.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relationship between biological half time and the other biomarkers. (Mean total cell count (TTC), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), chemokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC-1), and hemo oxygenase-1 (HO-1) at 1 month after the exposure).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Determination method of NiO or TiO2 in lung.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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