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Review
. 2017 Dec 19;17(12):2951.
doi: 10.3390/s17122951.

Achievements and Prospects in Electrochemical-Based Biosensing Platforms for Aflatoxin M₁ Detection in Milk and Dairy Products

Ana-Maria Gurban  1 , Petru Epure  2 , Florin Oancea  3 , Mihaela Doni  4
Affiliations
Review

Achievements and Prospects in Electrochemical-Based Biosensing Platforms for Aflatoxin M₁ Detection in Milk and Dairy Products

Ana-Maria Gurban et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Aflatoxins, which are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus growing on plants and products stored under inappropriate conditions, represent the most studied group of mycotoxins. Contamination of human and animal milk with aflatoxin M₁, the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B₁, is an important health risk factor due to its carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Due to the low concentration of this aflatoxin in milk and milk products, the analytical methods used for its quantification have to be highly sensitive, specific and simple. This paper presents an overview of the analytical methods, especially of the electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors, used for determination of aflatoxin M₁.

Keywords: aflatoxin M1; antibody; aptamer; electrochemical biosensors; immunoassays.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of aflatoxins and their metabolites.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The biodegradation of aflatoxin B1 through metabolic pathways. DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid. NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. CYP450 = cytochrome P450. GST = glutathione-S-transferase.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) using immunostrip.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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