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Review
. 2017 Apr-Jun;30(2):150-154.
doi: 10.1590/0102-6720201700020016.

GASTRIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR: REVIEW AND UPDATE

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Andre Roncon Dias  1 , Beatriz Camargo Azevedo  1 , Luciana Bastos Valente Alban  1 , Osmar Kenji Yagi  1 , Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille Ramos  1 , Carlos Eduardo Jacob  2 , Leandro Cardoso Barchi  2 , Ivan Cecconello  2 , Ulysses Ribeiro Jr  1 , Bruno Zilberstein  2
Affiliations
Review

GASTRIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR: REVIEW AND UPDATE

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Andre Roncon Dias et al. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2017 Apr-Jun.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Introduction: The frequency of gastric neuroendocrine tumors is increasing. Reasons are the popularization of endoscopy and its technical refinements. Despite this, they are still poorly understood and have complex management.

Aim: Update the knowledge on gastric neuroendocrine tumor and expose the future perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Method: Literature review using the following databases: Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library and SciELO. Search terms were: gastric carcinoid, gastric neuroendocrine tumor, treatment. From the selected articles, 38 were included in this review.

Results: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors are classified in four clinical types. Correct identification of the clinical type and histological grade is fundamental, since treatment varies accordingly and defines survival.

Conclusion: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors comprise different subtypes with distinct management and prognosis. Correct identification allows for a tailored therapy. Further studies will clarify the diseases biology and improve its treatment.

Introdução:: A frequência de tumores neuroendócrinos gástricos está aumentando. As razões são a popularização da endoscopia e seus refinamentos técnicos. Apesar disso, os gástricos ainda são pouco compreendidos e têm manejo complexo.

Objetivo:: Atualizar os conhecimentos nos tumores neuroendócrinos gástricos e expor as perspectivas futuras no diagnóstico e tratamento.

Método:: Revisão da literatura utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library e SciELO. Os descritores da busca foram: carcinóide gástrico, tumor neuroendócrino gástrico, tratamento. Dos artigos selecionados, 38 foram incluídos nesta revisão.

Resultados:: Tumores neuroendócrinos gástricos são classificados em quatro tipos clínicos. A identificação correta do tipo clínico e grau histológico é fundamental, pois a conduta é variável e define a sobrevida.

Conclusão:: Tumor neuroendócrino gástrico possui diferentes subtipos com tratamento e prognóstico distintos. A identificação correta destes e seu entendimento permite o tratamento individualizado. Estudos futuros ajudarão a esclarecer a biologia desta doença e melhorar o tratamento.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: none

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1. Evolution in gNETs terminology
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2. Endoscopic images: A) showing chronic atrophic pangastritis with three low grade gNETs; B) with solitary gNET type III
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3. Classification according to histological grades
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4. Histological sections of well-differentiated gNET (x 200): A) hematoxylin-eosin; B) positivity for chromogranin A; C) positivity for synaptophysin; D) Ki-67 nuclear proliferative index <2%; E) Ki-67 of 50-60%; F) Ki-67 of 70-80%.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5. Treatment algorithm
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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