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. 2017 Dec;8(4):428-437.
doi: 10.1111/ijag.12323. Epub 2017 Sep 27.

Sodium Is Not Essential for High Bioactivity of Glasses

Xiaojing Chen  1 , Xiaohui Chen  2 , Delia S Brauer  3 , Rory M Wilson  4 , Robert V Law  5 , Robert G Hill  1 , Natalia Karpukhina  1
Affiliations

Sodium Is Not Essential for High Bioactivity of Glasses

Xiaojing Chen et al. Int J Appl Glass Sci. 2017 Dec.

Abstract

This study aims to demonstrate that excellent bioactivity of glass can be achieved without the presence of an alkali metal component in glass composition. In vitro bioactivity of two sodium-free glasses based on the quaternary system SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaF2 with 0 and 4.5 mol% CaF2 content was investigated and compared with the sodium containing glasses with equivalent amount of CaF2. The formation of apatite after immersion in Tris buffer was followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 31P and 19F solid state MAS-NMR. The dissolution study was completed by ion release measurements in Tris buffer. The results show that sodium free bioactive glasses formed apatite at 3 hours of immersion in Tris buffer, which is as fast as the corresponding sodium containing composition. This signifies that sodium is not an essential component in bioactive glasses and it is possible to make equally degradable bioactive glasses with or without sodium. The results presented here also emphasize the central role of the glass compositions design which is based on understanding of structural role of components and/or predicting the network connectivity of glasses.

Keywords: Bioactive glass; alkali free; bioactivity; fluorapatite; fluoride containing; glass degradation; sodium free.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
FTIR spectra of the solid residues recovered from the filter after immersion the glasses (a) sodium free glass GPF4.5 and (b) sodium containing glass B2 in Tris buffer for duration times indicated.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
XRD patterns of the solid residues recovered from the filter after immersion of (a) sodium-free glass GPF4.5 and (b) sodium-containing glass B2 in Tris buffer for durations indicated.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
31P MAS-NMR spectra of (a) sodium free glass GPF0.0 and (b) sodium containing glass A2 immersed in Tris buffer for durations indicated. The bottom spectrum is for the untreated glass powder (0 h).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
19F MAS-NMR spectra of (a) sodium free glass GPF4.5 and (b) sodium containing glass B2 immersed in Tris buffer for durations indicated. The bottom spectra are for the untreated glass powders (0 h). Asterisks mark the spinning side bands.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
pH of Tris buffer solution after immersion of sodium free and sodium containing glasses. Note where error bars are not seen, they are smaller than the data point.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Concentration of calcium, phosphorous, silicon and fluoride ion released from (a) sodium free bioactive glasses and (b) sodium containing bioactive glasses into Tris buffer plotted as a percentage of the content of each of those elements in the batched glass composition. Note where error bars are not seen, they are smaller than the data point. The solid lines are used to demonstrate the change trend of ion concentrations.
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