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. 2018 Jan 2;13(1):e0190531.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190531. eCollection 2018.

The cold tolerance of the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla

Xiaojing Wu  1 , Xiaofeng Zhu  1 , Yuanyuan Wang  2 , Xiaoyu Liu  3 , Lijie Chen  1 , Yuxi Duan  1
Affiliations

The cold tolerance of the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla

Xiaojing Wu et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is one of the most important nematode pathogens occurring in cold regions. It is a sedentary, biotrophic parasites of plants and overwinter in the soil or in diseased roots. This study showed that the cold tolerance for the second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. hapla was moderate with the 50% survival temperature (S50) of -2.22°C and the fatal temperature was -6°C when cooling at 0.5°C min-1. Cryoprotective dehydration significantly enhance cold tolerance of M. hapla J2 with the lowest S50 of -3.28°C after held being at -1°C for 6 h. Moreover, cold shock and cold acclimation had significant effects on the freezing survival of M. hapla J2. The lethal temperature of eggs was -18°C. Therefore, the cold tolerance of M. hapla is sufficiently favorable to withstand winters in cold temperature environments.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The S50 values of M. hapla J2 exposed to freezing regime and cryoprotective dehydration.
FR = freezing regime, CD-2 h = Cryoprotective dehydration regime that held for 2 h at -1°C before cooled to Tmin, CD-6 h = Cryoprotective dehydration regime that held for 6 h at -1°C before cooled to Tmin, CD-12 h = Cryoprotective dehydration regime that held for 12 h at -1°C before cooled to Tmin. The bars are the estimations in the 95% confidence limits. The different lowercase letters on the bars represent significantly different among various regimes, according to RMP estimates. N = 10.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The effect of cold acclimation on survival of M. hapla J2.
Samples acclimated at 4°C (open bars), and survival at freezing regime without acclimation (filled bars). The different lowercase letters on the bars represent significantly different (P < 0.05) between treatments at the same temperature. The bars are the mean ± SE in this figure. N = 10.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The S50 values of M. hapla J2 subjected to various regimes.
FR = freezing regime; CD-6 h = Cryoprotective dehydration regime that held for 6 h at -1°C before cooled to Tmin, CS = cold shock at -1°C for 1 h and then kept at room temperature for 1 h before cooled to Tmin, A4 = acclimated at 4°C for 12 h before cooled to Tmin. The bars are the estimations in the 95% confidence limits. The different lowercase letters on the bars represent significantly different among various regimes, according to RMP estimates. N = 10.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The hatching percentage for egg mass of M. hapla at various low temperature.
Open circles = hatching percentage at various low temperature during 10 days, Closed circle = 25°C. The values are the mean ± SE in this figure. N = 6.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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