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. 2018 Jan 5;13(1):e0190833.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190833. eCollection 2018.

Effects of a self-assembling peptide as a scaffold on bone formation in a defect

Kei Ando  1 , Shiro Imagama  1 , Kazuyoshi Kobayashi  1 , Kenyu Ito  1 , Mikito Tsushima  1 , Masayoshi Morozumi  1 , Satoshi Tanaka  1 , Masaaki Machino  1 , Kyotaro Ota  1 , Koji Nishida  2 , Yoshihiro Nishida  1 , Naoki Ishiguro  1
Affiliations

Effects of a self-assembling peptide as a scaffold on bone formation in a defect

Kei Ando et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Spinal fusion and bone defect after injuries, removal of bone tumors, and infections need to be repaired by implantation. In an aging society, recovery from these procedures is often difficult. In this study, we found that injection of SPG-178 leads to expression of several bone marker genes and mineralization in vitro, and revealed a significantly higher degree of newly formed bone matrix with use of SPG-178 in vivo. MC3T3-E1 cells were used to evaluate osteoblast differentiation promoted by SPG-178. To analyze gene expression, total RNA was isolated from MC3T3-E1 cells cultured for 7 and 14 days with control medium or SPG-178 medium. Among the several bone marker genes examined, SPG-178 significantly increased the mRNA levels for ALP, BMP-2 and Osteocalcin, OPN, BSP and for the Osterix. Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were used for all transplantation procedures. A PEEK cage was implanted into a bony defect (5 mm) within the left femoral mid-shaft, and stability was maintained by an external fixator. The PEEK cages were filled with either a SPG-178 hydrogel plus allogeneic bone chips (n = 4) or only allogeneic bone chips (n = 4). The rats were then kept for 56 days. Newly formed bone matrix was revealed inside the PEEK cage and there was an increased bone volume per total volume with the cage filled with SPG-178, compared to the control group. SPG-178 has potential in clinical applications because it has several benefits. These include its favorable bone conduction properties its ability to act as a support for various different cells and growth factors, its lack of infection risk compared with materials of animal origin such as ECM, and the ease with which it can be used to fill defects with complex shapes and combined with a wide range of other materials.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: We have the following interests: SPG-178 is a commercially available reagent under the name of Panacea GelTM (Menicon Co., Nagoya, Japan). Menicon offers its products at subsidized prices to Nagoya University. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Bone defect model.
(A) For allogeneic bone, femurs of other rats were smashed the status to pieces. (B) The bony defect was either left intact or filled with a prepared scaffold and compressed by external fixation.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
(A) ALP. (B) BMP-2. (C) Osteocalcin. (D) Osteopontin. (E) BSP. (F) Osterix.
Fig 3
Fig 3. X-ray and quantitative micro-CT analysis of bone repair in response to cell seeded scaffolds.
(A) X-ray. (B) CT. (C) Quantitative micro-CT analysis.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Histological analysis of bone repair in response to cell seeded scaffolds.
(A) HE. (B) ALP. (C) Alizarin red. (D) Von Kossa.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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