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Review
. 2018 Jan 9;6(1):e7.
doi: 10.2196/mhealth.8998.

Effectiveness and Appropriateness of mHealth Interventions for Maternal and Child Health: Systematic Review

Huan Chen #  1 , Yanling Chai #  1   2 , Le Dong  1   3 , Wenyi Niu  2 , Puhong Zhang  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Effectiveness and Appropriateness of mHealth Interventions for Maternal and Child Health: Systematic Review

Huan Chen et al. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. .

Abstract

Background: The application of mobile health (mHealth) technology in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) is increasing worldwide. However, best practice and the most effective mHealth interventions have not been reviewed systematically.

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH around the world were conducted to investigate their characteristics as well as the features and effectiveness of mHealth interventions.

Methods: Studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrieved from 6 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Medium). Comparable studies were included in a random-effects meta-analysis for both exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and antenatal checks (ANC). Descriptive analyses were conducted for mHealth studies with a range of study designs.

Results: Analyses of 245 studies were included, including 51 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results showed that there are increasing numbers of studies on mHealth interventions for RMNCH. Although 2 meta-analysis, one with 2 RCTs on EBF (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% CI 1.34-3.08, I2=25%) and the other with 3 RCTs on ANC (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.79, I2=78%), showed that mHealth interventions are more effective than usual care, almost half (43%) of RCTs showed negative or unclear results on mHealth interventions. Functions described in mHealth interventions were diverse, and the health stages covered were broad. However, single function or single stage appeared to be dominant among mHealth interventions compared with multiple functions or stages.

Conclusions: More rigorous evaluations are needed to draw consistent conclusions and to analyze mHealth products with multiple functions, especially those popular in the app markets.

Keywords: child health; maternal health; telemedicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Identification process for eligible studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trend of studies published from 2011 to 2016. Interventions combined with SMS and App were counted twice in each medium.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Meta-analysis of the effect of mHealth intervention versus routine prenatal care on exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months based on two studies undertaken in Nigeria and China.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Meta-analysis of the effect of mHealth intervention versus routine prenatal care on four or more antenatal check rates based on three studies undertaken in Zanzibar, China, and Ethiopia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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