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Review
. 2017 Aug 30;2(3):167-175.
doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.08.001. eCollection 2017 Sep.

Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of isoprenoids: Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels

Fu-Xing Niu  1   2 , Qian Lu  1   2 , Yi-Fan Bu  1   2 , Jian-Zhong Liu  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of isoprenoids: Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels

Fu-Xing Niu et al. Synth Syst Biotechnol. .

Abstract

Isoprenoids are the most abundant and highly diverse group of natural products. Many isoprenoids have been used for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, flavors, cosmetics, food additives and biofuels. Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels are two classes of important isoprenoids. These isoprenoids have been produced microbially through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology efforts. Herein, we briefly review the engineered biosynthetic pathways in well-characterized microbial systems for the production of carotenoids and several isoprenoid-based biofuels.

Keywords: Carotenoids; Isoprenoid-based biofuel; Metabolic engineering; Synthetic biology.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. G3P: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; DXP: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate; MEP: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate; CDP-ME: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol; CDP-MEP: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2-phosphate; MEcPP: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate; HMB-PP: 4-hydroxy-3-mehtyl-butenyl 1-diphosphate; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA; Mev-P: Mevalonate 5-phosphate; Mev-PP: Mevalonate diphosphate; IPP: Isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP: Dimethylallyl diphosphate; GPP: Geranyl diphosphate; FPP: Farnesyl diphosphate; GGPP: Geranylgeranyl diphosphate; Dxs: 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase; IspC: 1-D-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase; IspD: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; IspE: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; IspF: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; IspG: 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate synthase; IspH: 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase; Idi: Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; AtoB: Acetoacetyl-CoA synthase; HMGS: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; HMGR: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase; MK: Mevalonate kinase; PMK: Phosphomevalonate kinase; PMD: Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; GPPS: GPP synthase; FPPS: FPP synthase; GGPPS: GGPP synthase; TS: terpene synthase.
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