Kingiodendron pinnatum, a pharmacologically effective alternative for Saraca asoca in an Ayurvedic preparation, Asokarishta

Abstract

Saraca asoca (Fabaceae) is a prime ingredient in Asokarishta, a well-known Ayurvedic preparation for gynecological ailments. Due to scarcity, adulteration or substitution of related raw drugs is a common practice in its preparation. The bark of Kingiodendron pinnatum (Roxb. ex DC.) Harms, morphologically similar to S. asoca (Asoka) is a widely used substitute. The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effectiveness of K. pinnatum as an alternative for S. asoca in Asokarishta by determining the inhibitory effect of estrogen induced uterus endometrial thickening in immature female rats. Arishta was prepared using S. asoca and with the substitute, K. pinnatum as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia. Uterus endometrial thickening was induced by the administration of estradiol (20 μg/kg b. wt, i.p) to 8-day-old rats for 5 alternate days. On day 16, following estradiol administration, the serum estrogen level was found elevated to 156.5 ± 8 pg/ml from the normal value 32.4 ± 5 pg/ml and consequently increased the thickness of uterus endometrium from 16.7 ± 1.4 to 75.2 ± 15.3 μm. Upon oral administration of 400 μl/kg b. wt Asokarishta (ASA) and Arishta made with K. pinnatum (AKP), the thickening was reduced to 42.5 ± 12.7 and 47.1 ± 10.5 μm and the estrogen level diminished to 102.6 ± 10 and 97.3 ± 8 pg/ml, respectively. Arishta also reduced the chronic/acute inflammations in mice and improved the antioxidant status of rats. No toxic symptom was observed in the animals by the treatment of Arishta. The study supports the use of K. pinnatum as an alternative to S. asoca in Asokarishta and gives a scientific validation for Asokarishta in gynecological ailments.

Keywords: Anti-estrogenic; Anti-inflammatory; Asokarishta; Cornification; Metaplasia; Substitutes; Uterus endometrium.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Inhibitory effect of Arishta on estradiol induced keratinization in rat uterus.

Fig. 2

Photomicrograph (40×) of a portion of the uterus of rat stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the detection of the keratinized epithelium after 16 and 32 days of estradiol treatment. The paraffin wax embedded microtome sections were used. (A) Normal-without any treatment, (B) Estradiol, (C) Estradiol and ASA (400 μl), (D) Estradiol and AKP (400 μl).

Fig. 3

Anti-inflammatory effect of Arishta. (A) Carrageenan induced acute inflammation. (B). Formalin induced chronic inflammation on mice.