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Review
. 2018 Feb;33(1):39-45.
doi: 10.1002/ncp.10024. Epub 2018 Jan 11.

Chronic Critical Illness: Application of What We Know

Martin D Rosenthal  1 , Amir Y Kamel  2 , Cameron M Rosenthal  3 , Scott Brakenridge  1 , Chasen A Croft  1 , Frederick A Moore  1
Affiliations
Review

Chronic Critical Illness: Application of What We Know

Martin D Rosenthal et al. Nutr Clin Pract. 2018 Feb.

Abstract

Over the last decade, chronic critical illness (CCI) has emerged as an epidemic in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors worldwide. Advances in ICU technology and implementation of evidence-based care bundles have significantly decreased early deaths and have allowed patients to survive previously lethal multiple organ failure (MOF). Many MOF survivors, however, experience a persistent dysregulated immune response that is causing an increasingly predominant clinical phenotype called the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). The elderly are especially vulnerable; thus, as the population ages the prevalence of this CCI/PICS clinical trajectory will undoubtedly grow. Unfortunately, there are no proven therapies to prevent PICS, and multimodality interventions will be required. The purpose of this review is to: (1) discuss CCI as it relates to PICS, (2) identify the burden on healthcare and poor outcomes of these patients, and (3) describe possible nutrition interventions for the CCI/PICS phenotype.

Keywords: critical illness; immunosuppression; inflammation; intensive care unit; metabolism; multiple organ failure.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest and Financial Disclosure Statement: No conflict of or competing interests have been declared and there were no funds provided for this manuscript.

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