Twenty-year experience with stentless biological aortic valve and root replacement: informing patients of risks and benefits

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide predictive data on the performance of the Freestyle stentless bioprosthesis that can be used to support and improve the shared decision-making process of prosthetic valve choice for aortic valve replacement.

Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, 604 patients received the Freestyle stentless bioprosthesis (143 subcoronary, 58 root inclusion and 403 full-root replacement). Perioperative data were collected retrospectively, and follow-up data were collected prospectively from 2015. Follow-up was 96% complete (median 4.3 years), with 114 (19%) patients having a follow-up period exceeding 10 years. A competing risks regression model was developed to predict the probability of mortality, structural valve deterioration (SVD) and reoperation for other causes than SVD.

Results: The median age of patients was 64 years, 91 (15%) patients had undergone previous aortic valve replacement and 351 (58%) underwent concomitant procedures. The 15-year probability of SVD, reoperation for other causes and death were 16.9%, 8.1% and 47.7%, respectively. Linearized occurrence rates for prosthesis endocarditis, thromboembolic events and bleeding were 0.5%, 0.9% and 0.1% per patient-year, respectively. The constructed predictive model, including age, renal function and implantation technique as significant covariates, had good to fair predictive performance up to 19 years.

Conclusions: The Freestyle stentless bioprosthesis is an efficient prosthesis for aortic valve replacement or root replacement, with low incidences of SVD and valve-related events at long-term follow-up. The predictive model designed in this study can be used to fully inform patients about their expected individual trajectory after implantation of this prosthesis. This improves the shared decision-making process between patients and clinicians.