An analysis of the global pharmacy workforce capacity trends from 2006 to 2012

Abstract

Background: Human resources for health are at a critical low. The World Health Organization estimates that the current shortage of health workers, including pharmacists, is in excess of 7.2 million worldwide and that, by 2035, the shortage will reach 12.9 million. Pharmacists, in particular, are lacking in the workforce in many countries. The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and academic partners have conducted periodic global pharmacy workforce surveys in 2006, 2009 and 2012 which have monitored and reported on the status of the pharmacy workforce at the country and territory levels. This current analysis is a synthesis of workforce capacity data from these date points to provide an overview of the global trends and changes to pharmacy workforce capacity over this time period.

Methods: The methodology proceeded with accessing workforce capacity data collated in 2006, 2009 and 2012 held on file at the FIP Collaborating Centre. This data had previously been validated and made available to WHO Human Resources for Health. The data focused (due to limitations from 2006 databank) on pharmacist workforce capacity. Countries and territories were identified that had data available across at least two of the three time points (2006, 2009 and 2012). Missing time-point data for some countries (data gaps) were subject, where possible, to literature and online data searching to capture possible missing data. Country-level capacity data were plotted against time to identify trends coupled with comparative analysis of the trends.

Results: The countries and territories identified as having valid data for each of the time points 2006, 2009 and 2012 were present in all WHO regions, with Europe having the most countries with data available and South East Asia the fewest. All WHO regions have experienced an increase in the density of pharmacists (measured as number of pharmacists per 10 000 population) over the period 2006-2012. However, some countries show a reduction in the density of pharmacists. African countries show large relative increases in acceleration of capacity building but remain significantly behind in terms of absolute capacity per capita. South East Asian and Middle Eastern countries also show large proportional changes in pharmacist workforce.

Conclusion: The global trend is an increase in workforce across all nations and regions, and this is a move in the right direction towards improved access to, and availability of, pharmaceutical expertise. However, there is still much to be done, with some regions and low-income countries still displaying a disproportionately low number of pharmacists on small overall capacity for delivering pharmacy services.

Keywords: Capacity; Global; Healthcare; Pharmacy workforce; Workforce trends.

Fig. 1

Change in absolute capacity by WHO region (units are number pharmacists/10 000 population) from 2006 to 2012. Percent figures in brackets indicate the mean proportional change in density from 2006 baseline (N = 50 countries)

Fig. 2

a Time trend for full data sample 2006–2012. b Time trend for low capacity data cases (data sub-set of a)

Fig. 3

Relative capacity change as a Z-score (N = 50 country cases from 2006 to 2012)

Fig. 4

Time trend for low and lower middle income data cases 2006–2012

Fig. 5

Time trend for high and upper middle income data cases 2006–2012

Fig. 6

Capacity change (density) for World Bank-classified countries