Circular RNA: An emerging non-coding RNA as a regulator and biomarker in cancer

Abstract

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of covalently closed non-coding RNA that may regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. The recent application of high-throughput RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches has revealed a large number of circRNAs in human cells. Emerging evidence indicates that many circRNAs have cell-type specific expression and are linked to physiological development and various diseases. Specially, circRNAs can either serve as oncogenic stimuli or tumor suppressors in cancer. circRNAs have also been shown to be enriched and stable in extracellular fluid, indicating the potential of circRNAs as cancer biomarkers. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of circRNAs, including their classification, biogenesis, properties, and databases, as well as their function and clinical implications in cancer.

Keywords: Biomarker; Cancer; Circular RNA; MicroRNA; Noncoding RNA.