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Review
. 2018;24(6):710-717.
doi: 10.2174/1381612824666180116163411.

Probiotics and Paraprobiotics in Viral Infection: Clinical Application and Effects on the Innate and Acquired Immune Systems

Osamu Kanauchi  1   2 , Akira Andoh  1 , Sazaly AbuBakar  3   4 , Naoki Yamamoto  5   6
Affiliations
Review

Probiotics and Paraprobiotics in Viral Infection: Clinical Application and Effects on the Innate and Acquired Immune Systems

Osamu Kanauchi et al. Curr Pharm Des. 2018.

Abstract

Recently, the risk of viral infection has dramatically increased owing to changes in human ecology such as global warming and an increased geographical movement of people and goods. However, the efficacy of vaccines and remedies for infectious diseases is limited by the high mutation rates of viruses, especially, RNA viruses. Here, we comprehensively review the effectiveness of several probiotics and paraprobiotics (sterilized probiotics) for the prevention or treatment of virally-induced infectious diseases. We discuss the unique roles of these agents in modulating the cross-talk between commensal bacteria and the mucosal immune system. In addition, we provide an overview of the unique mechanism by which viruses are eliminated through the stimulation of type 1 interferon production by probiotics and paraprobiotics via the activation of dendritic cells. Although further detailed research is necessary in the future, probiotics and/or paraprobiotics are expected to be among the rational adjunctive options for the treatment of various viral diseases.

Keywords: Probiotics; interferon; paraprobiotics; plasmacytoid dendritic cell; vaccines; virus infection..

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Figures

Fig. (1)
Fig. (1)
Possible mechanism for the antiviral effects of L. lactis JCM 5805 via activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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