Chronic Dietary Intake of Enniatin B in Broiler Chickens Has Low Impact on Intestinal Morphometry and Hepatic Histology, and Shows Limited Transfer to Liver Tissue

Abstract

The Fusarium mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a so-called emerging mycotoxin frequently contaminating poultry feed. To investigate the impact of chronic ENN B exposure on animal health, broiler chickens were fed either a diet naturally contaminated with ENN B (2352 µg/kg) or a control diet (135 µg/kg) for 2, 7, 14, or 21 days. ENN B concentrations were determined in plasma and liver using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry UHPLC-MS/MS method. Liver was evaluated histologically, and the villus length and crypt depth of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were measured. Histopathology of the livers did not reveal major abnormalities. Feeding an ENN B-contaminated diet could possibly inhibit the proliferation of enterocytes in the duodenal crypts, but did not affect villus length, crypt depth, or villus length-crypt depth ratio of the jejunum and ileum. ENN B levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the ENN B-fed group and ranged between <25-264 pg/mL and <0.05-0.85 ng/g, respectively. ENN B carry-over rates from feed to liver tissue were 0.005-0.014% and 0.034-0.109% in the ENN B and control group, respectively. Carry-over rates were low and indicated a limited contribution of poultry tissue-derived products to the total dietary ENN B intake for humans. The above results support the opinion of the European Food Safety Authority stating that adverse health effects from ENN B in broiler chickens are unlikely.

Keywords: Enniatin B; broiler chicken; carry-over; chronic dietary intake; intestinal toxicity; liver residue.

Figure 1

Body weight gain of broiler chickens fed the Enniatin B (ENN B)-contaminated diet and the control diet for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days. No significant differences in weight gain were observed between both diets (n = 8 in each group).

Figure 2

Mean (+SD) ENN B concentration in plasma of broiler chickens fed the ENN B contaminated diet and the control diet for 2, 7, 14, and 21 days (n ranged between 6–8 animals per group).

Figure 3

Mean (+SD) ENN B concentration in livers of broiler chickens fed the ENN B contaminated diet and the control diet for 2, 7, 14 and 21 days (n ranged between 7–8 animals per group).