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. 2018 Jan 18;8(1):1129.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19199-z.

The global epidemiology of bladder cancer: a joinpoint regression analysis of its incidence and mortality trends and projection

Martin C S Wong  1   2 , Franklin D H Fung  3 , Colette Leung  3 , Wilson W L Cheung  3 , William B Goggins  4 , C F Ng  5
Affiliations

The global epidemiology of bladder cancer: a joinpoint regression analysis of its incidence and mortality trends and projection

Martin C S Wong et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

We tested the hypotheses that the global incidence of bladder cancer was increasing but its mortality was reducing and its incidence was positively correlated with country-specific socioeconomic development. We retrieved data on age-standardized incidence and mortality rates/100,000 from the GLOBOCAN database in 2012. Temporal patterns were examined for 39 countries from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents volumes I-X and other national registries. We evaluated the correlation between the incidence/mortality rates and Human Development Index (HDI)/ logarithmic values of Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP). The average annual percent change of the incidence and mortality rates in the most recent 10 years was examined by joinpoint regression analysis. The highest incidence rates were observed in Southern Europe, Western Europe and North America. The mortality rates were the highest in Western Asia and Northern Africa. The incidence was positively correlated with HDI (r = 0.66 [men]; r = 0.50 [women]) and to a lesser extent logarithmic values of GDP per capita (r = 0.60 [men]; r = 0.50 [women], all p < 0.01). Many European countries experienced incidence rise. A substantial mortality reduction was observed in most countries, yet increases in mortality rates were observed in the Philippines and Iceland. These findings identified countries where more preventive actions are required.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Correlation between age-standardised bladder cancer incidence (left panel) and mortality (right panel) and Human Development Index (HDI) (Male) (B) Correlation between age-standardised bladder cancer incidence (left panel) and mortality (right panel) and Human Development Index (HDI) (Female).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Correlation between age-standardised bladder cancer incidence (left panel) and mortality (right panel) and logarithmic values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Male) (B) Correlation between age-standardised bladder cancer incidence (left panel) and mortality (right panel) and logarithmic values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Female).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) in the incidence of bladder cancer in male (left) and female (right) in the most recent 10 years.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) in the incidence of bladder cancer in male (left) and female (right) in the most recent 10 years.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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