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Clinical Trial
. 2018 Jan 19;19(1):16.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-0811-y.

Simple citrate anticoagulation protocol for low flux haemodialysis

Eng Kuang Lim  1 , Ying-Ying T Seow  2 , Shun E Chen  1 , Gao Yang  1 , Min Er Liaw  1 , Shimi Isaac  1
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Simple citrate anticoagulation protocol for low flux haemodialysis

Eng Kuang Lim et al. BMC Nephrol. .

Abstract

Background: For patients unable to receive heparin anticoagulation during haemodialysis, saline flushes to reduce circuit clotting are often the norm. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) although effective is not used by many centres including in Singapore. We wanted to demonstrate the superiority and safety of a simple regional citrate anticoagulation regime, compared to saline flushes, for heparin-free low flux haemodialysis.

Methods: This is a prospective, open label, cross over study on 25 sequential haemodialysis sessions for inpatients receiving heparin-free haemodialysis. Patients were allocated either to regional citrate anticoagulation or standard heparin free haemodialysis and subsequently cross over to the alternate method. RCA was carried out using a protocol derived from previous studies. Assessment of anticoagulation was performed using visual inspection of clot formation in dialysis circuits and post-filter ionized calcium (iCa2+) using point-of-care Ionized calcium device at stipulated intervals. Intravenous Calcium gluconate replacement was given to patients receiving citrate adjusting the rate according to pre-filter iCa2+. Laboratory analyses of electrolytes were also assessed at the start and end of the RCA sessions.

Results: There were no clots in the RCA arm, with 79% (n = 19) in the saline flush arm having some clot, including 1 clotted circuit. Post-filter iCa2+ at various time points were within acceptable range. Electrolyte readings in the RCA group were all within normal limits except for 4 cases of total Calcium:iCa2+ ratio > 2.5.

Conclusion: RCA is confirmed to be superior to saline flushes for circuit patency. We have a simple and safe protocol that can be followed for low flux haemodialysis. The study was approved by Singapore National Health Group domain-specific ethnical committee. NHG DSRB reference number 2014/01037.

Trial registration: Trial registration number: ISRCTN69952745 (registration date 8/11/17).

Keywords: Anticoagulation; Citrate; Haemodialysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was approved by Singapore National Health Group domain-specific ethnical committee, and written consent was obtained from each participant.

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Circuit with sampling points
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Post-filter iCa2+ (V)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Pre-filter iCa2+ (A)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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