Progressive Support for Activities of Daily Living for Persons Living With Dementia

Abstract

Background and objectives: Dementia is accompanied by increasing need for support in activities of daily living (ADLs). This brief report/literature review summarizes the practices to care for early stage, middle stage, and late stage ADL needs (dressing, toileting, and eating/nutrition), and examines commonalities across ADL needs and the extent to which practices are reflected in guidelines and/or evidence.

Research design and methods: A review of the grey and peer-reviewed literature, using some but not all procedures of a systematic review. Key terms were identified for ADLs overall and for each of the 3 ADLs, and a search was conducted using these words in combination with (a) dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and similar terms, and (b) practices, interventions, guidelines, recommendations, and similar terms. Searches were conducted using databases of peer-reviewed literature as well as the Grey Literature Reports and Google search engine. Sources were included if they provided evidence or recommendations on interventions to address ADL functioning for dressing, toileting, and feeding for persons living with dementia.

Results: As cognitive and functional impairment increases, the number of care practices and themes that embody care practices increases. The majority of practices are evidence-based, and most evidence is incorporated into guidelines.

Discussion and implications: Virtually all practices reflect person-centered care principles. Five recommendations summarize the evidence and recommendations related to providing support to persons living with dementia in relation to dressing, toileting, and eating/nutrition.

Keywords: Dressing; Eating; Person-centered care; Toileting.