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Review
. 2018 Jan 16;5(1):2.
doi: 10.3390/jcdd5010002.

Function of Adenylyl Cyclase in Heart: the AKAP Connection

Tanya A Baldwin  1 , Carmen W Dessauer  2
Affiliations
Review

Function of Adenylyl Cyclase in Heart: the AKAP Connection

Tanya A Baldwin et al. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. .

Abstract

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC), is a universal second messenger that regulates various aspects of cardiac physiology from contraction rate to the initiation of cardioprotective stress response pathways. Local pools of cAMP are maintained by macromolecular complexes formed by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAPs facilitate control by bringing together regulators of the cAMP pathway including G-protein-coupled receptors, ACs, and downstream effectors of cAMP to finely tune signaling. This review will summarize the distinct roles of AC isoforms in cardiac function and how interactions with AKAPs facilitate AC function, highlighting newly appreciated roles for lesser abundant AC isoforms.

Keywords: A-kinase anchoring proteins; adenylyl cyclase; cardiomyocytes; cyclic AMP.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Topology of adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms. The structural topology of mammalian membranous ACs consists of an N-terminal (NT) domain followed by a repeating set of transmembrane, helical dimerization, and cytoplasmic domains. The two cytoplasmic domains (C1 and C2) make up the catalytic core and the binding site for many regulatory proteins.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cardiac AC complexes. AC-associated A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) complexes localize to distinct locations within the cardiomyocyte to facilitate physiological function. For each AKAP, a subset of known binding partners and their interaction sites are represented. The model is based upon functional localization of the AC complexes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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