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Review
. 2017 May 17;3(2):24.
doi: 10.3390/jof3020024.

Revisiting Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Bloodstream Isolates from Latin American Medical Centers

Daniel Archimedes da Matta  1 , Ana Carolina Remondi Souza  2 , Arnaldo Lopes Colombo  3
Affiliations
Review

Revisiting Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Bloodstream Isolates from Latin American Medical Centers

Daniel Archimedes da Matta et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

The epidemiology of candidemia varies geographically, and there is still scarce data on the epidemiology of candidemia in Latin America (LA). After extensive revision of medical literature, we found reliable and robust information on the microbiological aspects of candidemia in patients from 11 out of 21 medical centers from LA countries and 1 out of 20 from Caribbean countries/territories. Based on 40 papers attending our search strategy, we noted that C. albicans remains the most common species causing candidemia in our region, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. In Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia, a trend towards an increase in frequency of C. glabrata candidemia was observed. Although resistance rates to fluconazole is under 3%, there was a slight increase in the resistance rates to C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis isolates. Echinocandin resistance has been reported in a few surveys, but no single study confirmed the resistant phenotype reported by using molecular methods. We highlight the importance of conducting continuous surveillance studies to identify new trends in terms of species distribution of Candida and antifungal resistance related to episodes of candidemia in LA. This information is critical for helping clinicians to prevent and control Candida bloodstream infections in their medical centers.

Keywords: Candida spp.; antifungal resistance; candidemia; infections acquired in a healthcare setting; nosocomial infection; opportunistic infections.

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Conflict of interest statement

Arnaldo Lopes Colombo has received educational grants from Astellas, Gilead, Pfizer, and United Medical and research grants from Astellas and Pfizer. All other authors: none to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportion of the most common Candida species isolated from episodes of candidemia in Latin American and Caribbean medical centers (1997–2016). a Other Candida Species—species other than C. albicans. C. parapsilosis (sensu lato). C. tropicalis. C. glabrata. C. krusei. C. guilliermondii (sensu lato); b C. guilliermondii (sensu lato); c C. parapsilosis (sensu lato); d Multicenter studies including different countries from Latin America.
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