[Current trends in nutrigenomics of obesity]

Abstract

One of the most general chronic illness in the world is obesity, which lead to progression of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, metabolic syndrome and other diseases. Slow body weight gain, that leads to overweight, is a long-term aftereffect of a long-term positive energy balance, which occurs as a result of physical activity reduction and calorie intake increasing. Trend in the reduction of physical activity and increasing the caloric value of food intake is probably the main reason of increasing patients with obesity, but it's necessary to mention that this tendency occurs because of genetic variation in population. The volume of scientific information, relevant to the problem of genetic predisposition testing to obesity, is highly increasing. This article provides an overview of recent data on the genetics of obesity and the role of genetic testing of candidate genes polymorphisms, as well as genes associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders (FTO, ADRB2, ADRB3, PPARG and a number of others). The role of nutrigenomics in personalization of diet treatment for obesity.