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Review
. 2016 Jul 4;2(3):21.
doi: 10.3390/jof2030021.

Triazole Resistance in Aspergillus spp.: A Worldwide Problem?

Olga Rivero-Menendez  1   2 , Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo  3   4 , Emilia Mellado  5   6 , Manuel Cuenca-Estrella  7   8
Affiliations
Review

Triazole Resistance in Aspergillus spp.: A Worldwide Problem?

Olga Rivero-Menendez et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Since the first description of an azole-resistant A. fumigatus strain in 1997, there has been an increasing number of papers describing the emergence of azole resistance. Firstly reported in the USA and soon after in Europe, it has now been described worldwide, challenging the management of human aspergillosis. The main mechanism of resistance is the modification of the azole target enzyme: 14-α sterol demethylase, encoded by the cyp51A gene; although recently, other resistance mechanisms have also been implicated. In addition, a shift in the epidemiology has been noted with other Aspergillus species (mostly azole resistant) increasingly being reported as causative agents of human disease. This paper reviews the current situation of Aspergillus azole resistance and its implications in the clinical setting.

Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus; aspergillosis; azole drug resistance; cyp51A; mutations.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Worldwide distribution of azole resistance in A. fumigatus by mechanisms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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