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. 2018 Jun 3;14(6):1392-1397.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1428508. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Assessment of mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness during an outbreak: Importance to introduce the 2-dose schedule for China

Chao Ma  1 , Yan Liu  2   3 , Jihai Tang  4 , Haimei Jia  3   5 , Wei Qin  6 , Ying Su  4 , Huaqing Wang  1 , Lixin Hao  1
Affiliations

Assessment of mumps-containing vaccine effectiveness during an outbreak: Importance to introduce the 2-dose schedule for China

Chao Ma et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Introduction: China has used 3 different mumps-containing vaccines (MuCV) since 1990: monovalent mumps vaccine, measles-mumps (MM) vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, and one dose MuCV (using MMR at 18 months) has been included in the EPI since 2007. MuCV effectiveness has been of concern following large-scale mumps outbreaks. In 2015, an outbreak of mumps occurred in a primary school, which allow us assess vaccine effectiveness of different MuCVs.

Method: All children in the school were studied as a retrospective cohort. Vaccination histories and case information were obtained from vaccination records and clinic/hospital logs. Parental questionnaires were used to confirm students' illnesses and calculate attack rate (AR). VE was assessed using the formula, VE = (AR in unvaccinated students- AR in the vaccinated students) / (AR in unvaccinated students). VEs of different type of MuCV were compared.

Results: In total, 283 students were identified as clinical mumps among the 2370 students, and 1908 students were included for MuCV VE assessment. 213 (including 21 [8.9%] patients) were 2-dose MuCV recipients (AR: 9.9%), 1165 (including 123 [51.9%] patients) were 1-dose recipients (AR: 10.6%), and 530 (including 93 [39.2%] patients) were unvaccinated (AR: 17.5%). VE was 44% for 2 doses and 40% for one dose. For one-MuCV-dose students, estimated mumps VE was 63% for vaccinated within 3 years (between vaccination and this outbreak); 50% for vaccinated within 3 to 5 years; and 34% for vaccinated more than 5 years. Comparing VE by vaccine type and 5-year interval since vaccination, VE for MMR was 60%, which was consistently higher than VE for monovalent mumps vaccine (22%) and MM (2%).

Conclusion: This outbreak was associated with low and declining 1-dose MuCV effectiveness. China's immunization program should evaluate the potential of a 2-dose MMR schedule to adequately control mumps.

Keywords: China; Mumps; effectiveness; schedule; vaccine.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Distribution of mumps cases by onset date in a mumps outbreak in Anhui province, China, 2014–2015 (n = 283).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Inclusion, exclusion, and vaccination status of subjects in mumps vaccine effectiveness assessment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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