[Factors associated with epilepsy in children in Mexico: A case-control study]

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in the world. In Mexico, epilepsy is among the diseases more related to mortality due to non-infectious diseases in children. The objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with epilepsy in children entitled to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), in Acapulco, Mexico.

Methods: We carried out a case-control study from April 2010 to April 2011. We selected 118 cases from the database of outpatient pediatric neurology with epilepsy diagnostic with two year of evolution according to the International League Against Epilepsy criteria. We selected 118 controls from the same Medical Units where cases were detected. Data collected throughout an interview with the mothers included information on history of epilepsy among relatives, prenatal, perinatal and postnatal history. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using Mantel-Haenszel process.

Results: Multivariate analysis identified three factors associated with epilepsy: family history of epilepsy in first-degree relatives (adjusted Odds ratio (ORa) 2.44, 95%CI 1.18 -5.03), birth asphyxia (ORa 2.20, 95%CI 1.16-34.18), and urinary tract infection in the prenatal stage (ORa, 1.80, 95%CI 1.0 - 3.24).

Conclusions: Preventing birth asphyxia and urinary tract infections during pregnancy reduces the risk of epilepsy regardless of the history of epilepsy in first-degree relatives.

Keywords: Child; Epilepsia; Epilepsy; Factores asociados; Factors associated; Mexico; México; Niños.