Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes associate with periodontal and coronary artery disease status

Abstract

Aim: We investigated the association between the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes, periodontal status and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Materials and methods: The study population included 497 patients who underwent coronary angiography, and clinical oral examination. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were designed to identify the serotypes from saliva samples.

Results: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotype frequencies were as follows: serotype "c" 35.7%, "b" 28.6%, "a" 26.2%, "e" 7.1%, "d" 2.4% and "f" 0%. The subjects with a detectable serotype had less teeth and higher bleeding on probing than those with no serotype. Serotypes "b" and "c" associated with periodontal probing depths and periodontal inflammatory burden. The saliva and subgingival bacterium quantities and serum antibody levels against A. actinomycetemcomitans were highest in patients harbouring serotype "c." Serotypes "b" and "c" were most frequent (59.3%) in patients with CAD (p = .040), and they associated with the risk of stable CAD with an odds ratio of 2.67 (95% confidence interval 1.06-7.44). Also, the severity of CAD (p = .018) associated with serotypes "b" and "c."

Conclusions: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes "b" and "c" associate with both periodontal and CAD status. Detectable serotypes associate with the quantity and the serology of the bacterium emphasizing both local and systemic effect of the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes.

Keywords: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; coronary artery disease; periodontitis; serotype; systemic inflammation.