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. 2018 Jan 30;18(2):396.
doi: 10.3390/s18020396.

A Flexible Multiring Concentric Electrode for Non-Invasive Identification of Intestinal Slow Waves

Victor Zena-Giménez  1 , Javier Garcia-Casado  2 , Yiyao Ye-Lin  3 , Eduardo Garcia-Breijo  4 , Gema Prats-Boluda  5
Affiliations

A Flexible Multiring Concentric Electrode for Non-Invasive Identification of Intestinal Slow Waves

Victor Zena-Giménez et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Developing new types of optimized electrodes for specific biomedical applications can substantially improve the quality of the sensed signals. Concentric ring electrodes have been shown to provide enhanced spatial resolution to that of conventional disc electrodes. A sensor with different electrode sizes and configurations (monopolar, bipolar, etc.) that provides simultaneous records would be very helpful for studying the best signal-sensing arrangement. A 5-pole electrode with an inner disc and four concentric rings of different sizes was developed and tested on surface intestinal myoelectrical recordings from healthy humans. For good adaptation to a curved body surface, the electrode was screen-printed onto a flexible polyester substrate. To facilitate clinical use, it is self-adhesive, incorporates a single connector and can perform dry or wet (with gel) recordings. The results show it to be a versatile electrode that can evaluate the optimal configuration for the identification of the intestinal slow wave and reject undesired interference. A bipolar concentric record with an outer ring diameter of 30 mm, a foam-free adhesive material, and electrolytic gel gave the best results.

Keywords: Laplacian recordings; intestinal slow wave; ring electrodes; surface recording.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Multi-ring concentric electrode; (b) Dimensions (in mm) of poles and annotation of signals sensed by each pole.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Magnification view of a track of electrode; (b) Right: thickness of view A–B; average thickness is 20 µm measured by Profilm 3D (Filmetrics, San Diego, CA, USA) with 20× lens.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Template design, size in mm; (b) Multi-CRE with foam; (c) Multi-CRE with adhesive.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Location of electrodes and accelerometer (covered by adhesive tape). (a) Multi-CRE in BN position and conventional bipolar recording in AN position, reference electrode for monopolar measurements on left hip; (b) multi-CRE in AN position and conventional bipolar recording in BN position.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Thirty seconds of signals: monopolar concentric (MC1-5), bipolar concentric (BC1-4) with adhesive material below navel position; bipolar (BIP), respiration (RESP), ECG ML-Lead I and accelerometer signals (X, Y, Z); (b) Power spectral density of signals shown on the left.
Figure 6
Figure 6
IRGlobal for each combination of factors: configuration (MC: monopolar concentric; BC: bipolar concentric), material (Ad: adhesive; Fo: foam) and position (AN: above navel; BN: below navel).
Figure 7
Figure 7
IRGlobal for each concentric bipolar configuration (BC1-EEnG, BC2-EEnG, BC3-EEnG and BC4-EEnG) and conventional bipolar (BIP).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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