Management and Outcomes of Appendectomy during Pregnancy

Abstract

Acute appendicitis is a common nonobstetric indication for surgical intervention during pregnancy with serious potential complications for the mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presentation, management practices, outcomes, and costs of appendectomy during pregnancy. We did a retrospective analysis of 62,118 nonincidental appendectomies performed in women (age 15-45 years) identified from the California State Inpatient Database (2005-2011). Primary outcomes included diagnosis or type of appendicitis, use of laparoscopy, morbidity, length of stay, and cost. Pregnant women were less likely to undergo laparoscopy (OR = 0.51, P < 0.01). Pregnancy had no effect on perforation rates, but was associated with higher rates of negative appendectomy (OR = 9.29, P < 0.01). Pregnancy was not associated with nonpregnancy-related complications after appendectomy. Pregnant women had longer length of stay (RR = 1.07, P < 0.01) but similar costs. Appendectomy did increase risk of preterm delivery at the time of surgical admission (19.5 vs 8.8%, P < 0.01). However, once discharged, there was no difference in rates of preterm delivery (9.1 vs 8.9%, P = 0.23). Pregnant women had higher rates of negative appendectomy with lower rates of laparoscopy. Despite these differences, there was no difference in nonpregnancy-related morbidity and cost. Appendectomy did increase risk of preterm birth, but the increased risk normalized over time.