Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 Oct 4:10:8-11.
doi: 10.1016/j.asmart.2017.09.002. eCollection 2017 Oct.

Construct and criterion validity of the Malaysia version of Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)

Muhammad Ariff Mohd Yunus  1 , Ramli Musa  2 , Mohd Yusof Nazri  1
Affiliations

Construct and criterion validity of the Malaysia version of Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)

Muhammad Ariff Mohd Yunus et al. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol. .

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study is to translate the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) into the Malay language and to validate the resulting version.

Methods: A two-stage observational study was conducted. The LEFS was initially cross-culturally adapted to Malay language through double forward and backward translation. The finalized version of Malay LEFS (M-LEFS) was subsequently validated for both construct validity and criterion validity. Participants (n = 208) with normal lower limb condition and various lower limb conditions completed the M-LEFS.

Results: Reliability of M-LEFS revealed excellent Cronbach's alpha value of 0.98. Construct validity, evaluated using exploratory factor analysis, exhibited good factor loadings (>0.6) of all 20 items. Interestingly, we extracted 2 components which was not reported elsewhere. With a cut-off point of 60, the sensitivity of the scale was 99% and the specificity was 81%.

Conclusions: The M-LEFS had very good psychometric properties among the studied population. Further studies are needed to enhance these preliminary outcomes in Malaysia.

Keywords: Cross-cultural adaptation; Lower extremity function; Malay version; Reliability; Validity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Overview of the whole process of cross-cultural adaptation and validation of LEFS.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Binkley J.M., Stratford P.W., Lott S.A. The lower extremity functional scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Research Network. Phys Ther. 1999;79(4):371–383. - PubMed
    1. Naal F.D., Impellizzeri F.M., Torka S. The German Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) is reliable, valid and responsive in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement. Quality of Life Research: Qual Life Res. 2015;24(2):405–410. - PubMed
    1. Cacchio A., De Blasis E., Necozione S. The Italian version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale was reliable, valid, and responsive. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(5):550–557. - PubMed
    1. Hoogeboom T.J., de Bie R.A., den Broeder A.A. The Dutch Lower Extremity Functional Scale was highly reliable, valid and responsive in individuals with hip/knee osteoarthritis: a validation study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13(1):117. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Negahban H., Hessam M., Tabatabaei S. Reliability and validity of the Persian lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) in a heterogeneous sample of outpatients with lower limb musculoskeletal disorders. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2014;36(1):10–15. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources