[Double-blind study of the treatment of disc lumbosciatica by chemonucleolysis]

Abstract

A randomized, double-blind study was made of 39 patients with discolumbar hernias that were unresponsive to medical treatment. They were treated either by nucleolysis with chymopapain (4 000 U of discase), or by discography followed by injection of distilled water as a placebo. After one month, treatment was found to be successful in 55% of cases undergoing nucleolysis and in 26% of cases receiving the placebo. The results after 3 months were 65% and 42%. respectively. After one month, the intensity of lumbar pain decreased by 44% on average in the group treated by chymopapain, and by 0% in the placebo group. Radicular pain decreased by 53% in the first group and by 26% in the placebo group, and improvement in Lasègue's sign was 51% and 20%, respectively. Analgesic treatment was reduced in patients treated by chymopapain: 65% of patients in the first group report some or much improvement in their sciatica, whereas this figure was 26% in the placebo group (p less than 0.02). Contralateral sciatica was observed in 3 patients of the placebo group. The average give in the disc one month after nucleolysis was 34% in the chymopapain group and 27% in the placebo group, without correlation with the clinical result. On average, patients were monitored for one year after nucleolysis, and during this year 6 patients from the chymopapain group were operated upon, compared with 10 patients from the placebo group. Although these results are at the limit of statistical significance because of the number of patients studied, they confirm the innocuousness and effectiveness of chymopapain in the treatment of discolumbar hernias.