Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 Nov;15(11):679-686.

Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mehdi Ranjbaran  1 , Reza Omani Samani  1 , Amir Almasi-Hashiani  1 , Pegah Matourypour  2 , Ashraf Moini  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mehdi Ranjbaran et al. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2017 Nov.

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common disorder characterized by physical, mental and behavioral changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in the reproductive age women.

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the overall prevalence of PMS in Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

Materials and methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched international databases included ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and also local databases including Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran for articles in English and Persian language published up to September 2016. We carried out data analysis with Stata version 11. We examined heterogeneity in the results of studies through I2 statistics and Chi-square based Q test. Also, we investigated the effects of potential heterogeneity factors in the prevalence of PMS by meta-regression.

Results: We studied a total of 9147 reproductive-age women from 24 articles which entered to meta-analysis. Based on the result of random effect model, we estimated the overall prevalence of PMS 70.8% [95% CI: 63.8-77.7]. The results of subgroup analysis revealed that prevalence of PMS was 80.4% (95% CI; 66.9-93.9) among high school students, 68.9% (95% CI; 59.2-78.6) among university students, and 54.9% (95% CI; 51.6-58.2) in general population. Univariate meta-regression model showed that prevalence of PMS was decreased by increasing the age of subjects but this was not statistically significant (p=0.155).

Conclusion: Our finding showed that PMS was prevalent in Iranian reproductive age women especially among high school students. More epidemiological research for determining factors that affect PMS prevalence seems essential.

Keywords: Iran; Meta-analysis; Premenstrual syndrome; Systematic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart for selection of studies about the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Iran
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of studies about the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Iran
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Meta-regression graph of the prevalence of PMS based on the age of subjects
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Direkvand-Moghadam A, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Sattar K. Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)-A systematic review and meta-analysis study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8:106–109. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kleinstäuber M, Schmelzer K, Ditzen B, Andersson G, Hiller W, Weise C. Psychosocial Profile of Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and Healthy Controls: A Comparative Study. Int J Behav Med. 2016;23:752–763. - PubMed
    1. Golshiri P, Akbari M, Abdollahzadeh MR. Age at Natural Menopause and Related Factors in Isfahan, Iran. J Menopausal Med. 2016;22:87–93. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bahrami N, Soleimani MA, Chan YH, Ghojazadeh M, Mirmiran P. Menarche age in Iran: A meta-analysis. Iran J Nurs Midwif Res. 2014;19:444–450. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ramezanpour F, Bahri N, Bagheri L, Fathi Najafi T. Incidence and Severity of Premenstrual Syndrome and its relationship with Social and Demographic Characteristics among Students’ College, Gonabad-2013. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil. 2015;18:21–28.

LinkOut - more resources