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. 2018;19(2):130-146.
doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1700191.

Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity

Essa Ali  1   2 , Nazim Hussain  1 , Imran Haider Shamsi  1 , Zahra Jabeen  3 , Muzammil Hussain Siddiqui  2 , Li-Xi Jiang  1
Affiliations

Role of jasmonic acid in improving tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) to Cd toxicity

Essa Ali et al. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2018.

Abstract

The well-known detrimental effects of cadmium (Cd) on plants are chloroplast destruction, photosynthetic pigment inhibition, imbalance of essential plant nutrients, and membrane damage. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an alleviator against different stresses such as salinity and drought. However, the functional attributes of JA in plants such as the interactive effects of JA application and Cd on rapeseed in response to heavy metal stress remain unclear. JA at 50 µmol/L was observed in literature to have senescence effects in plants. In the present study, 25 µmol/L JA is observed to be a "stress ameliorating molecule" by improving the tolerance of rapeseed plants to Cd toxicity. JA reduces the Cd uptake in the leaves, thereby reducing membrane damage and malondialdehyde content and increasing the essential nutrient uptake. Furthermore, JA shields the chloroplast against the damaging effects of Cd, thereby increasing gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments. Moreover, JA modulates the antioxidant enzyme activity to strengthen the internal defense system. Our results demonstrate the function of JA in alleviating Cd toxicity and its underlying mechanism. Moreover, JA attenuates the damage of Cd to plants. This study enriches our knowledge regarding the use of and protection provided by JA in Cd stress.

Keywords: Rapeseed; Cadmium; Jasmonic acid; Antioxidant enzyme; Malondialdehyde; Ultrastructure.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with ethics guidelines: Essa ALI, Nazim HUSSAIN, Imran Haider SHAMSI, Zahra JABEEN, Muzammil Hussain SIDDIQUI, and Li-xi JIANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sole effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on leaf gas exchange in rapeseed (a‒d) Cadmium; (e‒h) Jasmonic acid; (i‒l) Genotypes. (a, e, i) P n: photosynthetic rate; (b, f, j) G s: stomatal conductance; (c, g, k) C i: intercellular CO2 concentration; (d, h, l) T r: transpiration rate. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter; ns: not significant. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Interactive effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on leaf gas exchange in rapeseed (a‒d) Genotype×cadmium; (e‒h) Genotype×jasmonic acid; (i‒l) jasmonic acid×cadmium. (a, e, i) P n: photosynthetic rate; (b, f, j) G s: stomatal conductance; (c, g, k) C i: intercellular CO2 concentration; (d, h, l) T r: transpiration rate. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Sole effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on leaf photosynthetic pigments in rapeseed (a‒d) Cadmium; (e‒h) Jasmonic acid; (i‒l) Genotypes. (a, e, i) Chlorophyll a; (b, f, j) Chlorophyll b; (c, g, k) Chlorophyll a+b; (d, h, l) Carotenoids. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter; ns: not significant. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Interactive effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on leaf photosynthetic pigments in rapeseed (a‒d) Genotype×cadmium; (e‒h) Genotype×jasmonic acid; (i‒l) Jasmonic acid×cadmium. (a, e, i) Chlorophyll a; (b, f, j) Chlorophyll b; (c, g, k) Chlorophyll a+b; (d, h, l) Carotenoids. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Sole effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on Cd accumulation and MDA content in rapeseed (a, b) Cadmium; (c, d) Jasmonic acid; (e, f) Genotypes. (a, c, e) Cd: cadmium content; (b, d, f) MDA: malondialdehyde content. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Interactive effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on Cd accumulation and MDA content in rapeseed (a, b) Genotype×cadmium; (c, d) Genotype×jasmonic acid; (e, f) Jasmonic acid×cadmium. (a, c, e) Cd: cadmium content; (b, d, f) MDA: malondialdehyde content. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Sole effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on leaf antioxidant enzyme activity in rapeseed (a–d) Cadmium; (e–h) Jasmonic acid; (i–l) Genotypes. (a, e, i) CAT: catalase; (b, f, j) SOD: superoxide dismutase; (c, g, k) POD: peroxidase; (d, h, l) APX: ascorbate peroxidase. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter; ns: not significant. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Interactive effects of genotypes, cadmium, and jasmonic acid on leaf antioxidant enzyme activity in rapeseed (a–d) Genotype×cadmium; (e–h) Genotype×jasmonic acid; (i–l) Jasmonic acid×cadmium. (a, e, i) CAT: catalase; (b, f, j) SOD: superoxide dismutase; (c, g, k) POD: peroxidase; (d, h, l) APX: ascorbate peroxidase. Cd: cadmium; JA: jasmonic acid; ZS72: Zheshuang-72; ZJ619: Zhejiang-619; ZS758: Zheshuang-758. Differently lettering indicates statistical difference (P≤0.01) among the treatments for each parameter. Data represent the mean±SE of three measurements
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Transmission electron micrograph of the leaf mesophyll cells (a, d, g) Zheshuang-72; (b, e, h) Zhejiang-619; (c, f, i) Zheshuang-758. (a, b, c) Control; (d, e, f) 150 mg/kg Cd; (g, h, i) 150 mg/kg Cd+25 μmol/L JA. Labels: Ch, chloroplast; SG, starch grain; PG, plastoglobule; M, mitochondrion; GL, granal lamella; SL, stromal lamella; N, nucleus; Nu, nucleolus; P, peroxysome; V, vacoule; ICS, intercellular spaces; CW, cell wall
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