Testicular Cancer: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

There were an estimated 8720 new cases of testicular cancer (TC) in the United States in 2016. The cause of the disease is complex, with several environmental and genetic risk factors. Although rare, the incidence has been steadily increasing. Fortunately, substantial advances in treatment have occurred over the last few decades, making TC one of the most curable malignancies. However, because TC typically occurs in younger men, considerations of the treatment impact on fertility, quality of life, and long-term toxicity are paramount; an individualized approach must be taken with patients based on their clinical and pathologic findings.

Keywords: Chemotherapy; Germ cell tumors; Nonseminoma; Orchiectomy; Radiation therapy; Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection; Seminoma; Testicular cancer.