High Activity and Efficient Turnover by a Simple, Self-Assembled "Artificial Diels-Alderase"

Abstract

The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction is a cornerstone of synthesis, yet Nature does not use catalysts for intermolecular [4+2] cycloadditions. Attempts to create artificial "Diels-Alderases" have also met with limited success, plagued by product inhibition. Using a simple Pd₂L₄ capsule we now show DA catalysis that combines efficient turnover alongside enzyme-like hallmarks. This includes excellent activity (k_cat/k_uncat > 10³), selective transition-state stabilization comparable to the most proficient DA catalytic antibodies, and control over regio- and chemoselectivity that would otherwise be difficult to achieve using small-molecule catalysts. Unlike other catalytic approaches that use synthetic capsules, this method is not defined by entropic effects; instead multiple H-bonding interactions modulate reactivity, reminiscent of enzymatic action.