Corneal abrasion and microbial contamination in horses following general anaesthesia for non-ocular surgery

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of corneal abrasions/ulceration and microbial contamination in horses undergoing general anaesthesia.

Study design: Prospective, observational, clinical study.

Animals: A total of 40 client-owned healthy horses scheduled for elective non-ophthalmic procedures.

Methods: Conjunctival sac swabs were taken, fluorescein dye applied and digital images recorded from both eyes of the horses after preanaesthetic medication and 24 hours after recovery from general anaesthesia. A paraffin-based bland ophthalmic ointment was applied on the ocular surface intraoperatively following collection of a sample into a sterile container. All samples underwent aerobic, anaerobic and fungal culture. Subject demographics, chronology of ophthalmic ointment use, anaesthesia duration, recumbency after induction, during surgery and recovery, fluorescein uptake and culture results were recorded. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results: Complete data were collected from 34 horses; six (17.6%) developed mild unilateral generalized fluorescein uptake consistent with corneal abrasions. Recumbency on the operating table was the only risk factor significantly associated with corneal abrasions. A total of 11 bacterial species were identified; Staphylococcus spp. (15 eyes) and Micrococcus spp. (eight eyes) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Two fungal species were isolated postoperatively (Aspergillus spp., Saccharomyces spp.) in two eyes. Ointment contamination was recorded in two cases (5%) but cross-contamination was not recognized.

Conclusionsand clinical relevance: Incidence of corneal abrasion/ulceration in horses undergoing general anaesthesia and contamination rate of ophthalmic solutions are similar to those previously reported in dogs.

Keywords: anaesthesia; corneal abrasion; horses; morbidity; risk factors; topical lubrication.