Replacing sedentary time with physical activity: a 15-year follow-up of mortality in a national cohort

Abstract

Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks in adults. The potential benefits of reducing sedentary time may be dependent not only on decrease per se, but also on the type of activity it replaces. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the effects on mortality when replacing objectively assessed sedentary time with another physical activity (PA) behavior.

Objective: To investigate the effects of replacing objectively assessed sedentary time with time in light-intensity PA or moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality or cancer mortality in a cohort with 15 years follow-up time.

Methods: In total, 851 women and men from the population-based Sweden Attitude Behaviour and Change study were included. Time spent sedentary, in light-intensity PA and in MVPA were assessed using an Actigraph 7164 accelerometer. Mortality data were obtained from Swedish registers. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) of mortality with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and isotemporal substitution models were used to estimate the effect of replacing sedentary behavior with PA for the same amount of time.

Results: Over a follow-up of 14.2 years (SD 1.9) with 12,117 person-years at risk, 79 deaths occurred, 24 deaths from CVD, 27 from cancer, and 28 from other causes. Replacing 30 minutes/day of sedentary time with light-intensity PA was associated with significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.92). Replacing 10 minutes of sedentary time with MVPA was associated with reduction in CVD mortality risk (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.91). No statistically significant reductions were found for cancer mortality.

Conclusion: This statistical modelling study suggests that replacing sedentary time with light-intensity PA could have beneficial effect on both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Replacing sedentary time with MVPA could reduce CVD mortality.

Keywords: accelerometry; isotemporal substitution; light intensity; moderate-to-vigorous intensity; prospective; sedentary behavior.

Figure 1

All-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and cancer mortality. Notes: Associated with replacement of 10 and 30 minutes of sedentary time with an equal amount of time spent in light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) or moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Model 1 comprises LIPA, MVPA, and total accelerometer-wearing time, stratified by sex and age tertiles. Model 2 is additionally adjusted for education, smoking, and presence of hypertension, heart disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline. Sedentary time was defined as <100 counts/minute, LIPA as 100–2,019 counts/minute, and MVPA as ≥2,020 counts/minute. Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio.