Recent Advances in Lanthanide Based Nano-Architectures as Probes for Ultra High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

Paramagnetic Lanthanide ions incorporated into nano- architectures are emerging as a versatile platform for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents due to their strong contrast enhancement effects combined with the platform capability to include multiple imaging modalities. This short review examines the application of lanthanide based nanoarchitectures (nanoparticles and nano- assemblies) in the development of multifunctional probes for single and multimodal imaging involving high field MRI as one imaging modality.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; bimodal MRI imaging; lanthanide fluoride nanoparticle; lanthanide oxide nanoparticles; micelles; ultra-high field MRI; upconversion nanoparticle..