Small Molecules: Therapeutic Application in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been published, focusing on the potential therapeutic use of small catalytic agents with strong biological properties. So far, most of these works have only regarded specific clinical fields, such as oncology, infectivology and general pathology, in particular with respect to the treatment of significant inflammatory processes. However, interesting data on possible therapeutic applications of small molecules for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are emerging, especially with respect to the possibility to modulate the cellular redox state. Indeed, a crucial role of redox dysregulation in the pathogenesis of these disorders has been widely demonstrated by both pre-clinical and clinical studies, being the reduction of the total amount of free radicals a promising novel therapeutic approach for these diseases. In this review, we focused our interest on studies published during the last ten years reporting therapeutic potential of small molecules for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, also based on the biological efficiency of these compounds in detecting intracellular disturbances induced by increased production of reactive oxygen species.

Keywords: neurodegenerative disorders; neuropsychiatric disorders; oxidative stress; redox modulation; small molecules.

Figure 1

Chemical structure of small molecules with therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Figure 2

Chemical structure of small molecules with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases.

Figure 3

Chemical structure of small molecules with therapeutic potential in neurodegeneration associate to stroke.

Figure 4

Chemical structure of small molecules with therapeutic potential in neurodegeneration associate to traumatic brain injury.