Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Feb 7:10:239-248.
doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S149619. eCollection 2018.

Gastric cancer: epidemiology, prevention, classification, and treatment

Robert Sitarz  1   2   3 , Małgorzata Skierucha  1   2 , Jerzy Mielko  1 , G Johan A Offerhaus  3 , Ryszard Maciejewski  2 , Wojciech P Polkowski  1
Affiliations
Review

Gastric cancer: epidemiology, prevention, classification, and treatment

Robert Sitarz et al. Cancer Manag Res. .

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world, the epidemiology of which has changed within last decades. A trend of steady decline in gastric cancer incidence rates is the effect of the increased standards of hygiene, conscious nutrition, and Helicobacter pylori eradication, which together constitute primary prevention. Avoidance of gastric cancer remains a priority. However, patients with higher risk should be screened for early detection and chemoprevention. Surgical resection enhanced by standardized lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard in gastric cancer therapy. This review briefly summarizes the most important aspects of gastric cancers, which include epidemiology, risk factors, classification, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. The paper is mostly addressed to physicians who are interested in updating the state of art concerning gastric carcinoma from easily accessible and credible source.

Keywords: classification; epidemiology; gastric cancer; risk factors; treatment.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of gastric cancers. Notes: Adapted from Skierucha M, Milne AN, Offerhaus GJ, Polkowski WP, Maciejewski R, Sitarz R. Molecular alterations in gastric cancer with special reference to the early-onset subtype. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(8):2460–2474. Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Management algorithm for patients in good performance status and without distant metastases (M0). Notes: Modified with permission from Polkowski W, Łacko A, Guzel Z. Nowotwory żołądka [Gastric cancers]. In: Krzakowski M, Warzecha K, editors. Zalecenia postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego w nowotworach złośliwych – 2013 rok [Recommendations for Diagnostics and Treatment of Malignant Neoplasms – 2013]. Gdansk: Via Medica; 2013:119. Copyright © 2013 Via Medica. Abbreviations: EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; MDT, multidisciplinary team.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Wright NA, Poulsom R, Stamp G, et al. Trefoil peptide gene expression in gastrointestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1993;104(1):12–20. - PubMed
    1. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(2):69–90. - PubMed
    1. Stock M, Otto F. Gene deregulation in gastric cancer. Gene. 2005;360(1):1–19. - PubMed
    1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Global cancer statistics 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005;55(2):74–108. - PubMed
    1. Kaneko S, Yoshimura T. Time trend analysis of gastric cancer incidence in Japan by histological types, 1975–1989. Br J Cancer. 2001;84(3):400–405. - PMC - PubMed