Paralabral cysts of the shoulder treated with isolated labral repair: effect on pain and radiologic findings

Abstract

Background: Paralabral cysts emanating from posterosuperior labral tears may compress the suprascapular nerve and induce neuropathy. This study prospectively assessed patients with labral tears and symptomatic paralabral cysts treated with isolated labral repair. Pain relief, time to cyst resolution, reversibility of muscular edema, atrophy, fatty infiltration, and bone erosion were evaluated.

Methods: Forty-seven patients with symptomatic posterosuperior paralabral cysts were treated with isolated labral repair. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was repeated 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively or until cyst resolution. In a subgroup of 15 patients, MRI was performed the day before the operation, the first postoperative day, and at 2 weeks.

Results: Median cyst size was 6.8 cm³ (range, 2.1-88.9; standard deviation [SD], 18.3 cm³). Preoperatively, 20 patients (43%) presented clinical muscle atrophy and radiologic edema on MRI, 8 had fatty infiltration, and 3 presented bony scapular erosion caused by cyst compression. Median time to cyst resolution and regression of muscular edema was 11 weeks (range, 3-20; SD, 8.8 weeks) and 14 weeks (range, 3-52; SD 10.6 weeks), respectively. Preoperative fatty infiltration grade I and II of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles was reduced in two patients. Bony erosions remodeled after cyst resolution. Mean pain ratings (1-10 scale) improved from 7.7 (SD, 1.8) to 1.3 (SD, 1.3; 95% confidence interval of difference, 5.5-6.8; P < .001).

Conclusion: Labral repair leads to significant pain relief with cyst resolution within 2 to 3 months in most patients. Secondary muscle pathology (ie, edema, atrophy and fatty infiltration) may be partially or completely reversed. Bony erosion caused by cyst compression may be remodeled after cyst resolution.

Keywords: bony glenoid erosion; isolated labral repair; labral tear; muscular atrophy; muscular edema; muscular fatty infiltration; spinoglenoid cyst.