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. 2017 Sep;16(3):178-183.
doi: 10.1007/s11901-017-0364-8. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Epidemiology and Treatment of Hepatitis B in Prisoners

Jacob M Smith  1 , A Ziggy Uvin  1   2 , Alexandria Macmadu  3   4 , Josiah D Rich  1   3   5
Affiliations

Epidemiology and Treatment of Hepatitis B in Prisoners

Jacob M Smith et al. Curr Hepatol Rep. 2017 Sep.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The review details recent literature reports regarding Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and, in particular, Hepatitis B prevalence/incidence in incarcerated populations around the world. Furthermore, the review will summarize the national/international guidelines regarding HBV and look at diagnosis, vaccination, treatment, and linkage to care after release.

Recent findings: HBV affects prisoners at a much higher rate than the general populations. Many who are at increased risk for HBV infection are also at increased risk for incarceration. Incarcerated settings also have higher rates of HBV transmission.

Summary: Incarcerated individuals should be immunized if they are not already immune to HBV. Increased access to safe injecting and tattoo paraphernalia, condoms, and personal hygiene equipment could reduce the spread of HBV and other blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections. Future research should focus on ways to prevent the spread of HBV and similar viruses in incarcerated settings in order to protect incarcerated individuals and the general public. Research on effective linkage to community HBV care following release is needed.

Keywords: HBV Prevention; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B in Prisoners; Vaccination; injection drug use; sexually transmitted infections (STI).

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: Jacob M. Smith, A. Ziggy Uvin, Alexandria Macmadu, and Josiah D. Rich declare that they have no conflict of interest.

References

    1. World Health Organization; [Accessed May 30, 2017]. Hepatitis B. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/
    1. GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Age-Sex Specific All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality for 240 Causes of Death, 1990-2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet (London, England) 2015 Jan 10;385(9963) doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Dolan K, Wirtz A, Moazen B, et al. Global burden of HIV, viral hepatitis, and tuberculosis in prisoners and detainees. The Lancet. 2016;388:1089–1102. The report focuses on the challenges and opportunities that prison settings create for the prevention and treatment of HIV, viral hepatitis, and/or tuberculosis. - PubMed
    1. Kamarulzaman A, Reid S, Schwitters A, Wiessing L, El-Bassel N, Dolan K, Moazen B, Wirtz A, Verster A, Altice F. Prevention of transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and tuberculosis in prisoners. The Lancet. 2016;388:1115–1126. One of the several important reports that details the risk/prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and Tuberculosis in prisons and comments on prevention strategies. - PubMed
    1. Rich J, Beckwith C, Macmadu A, et al. Clinical care of incarcerated people with HIV, viral hepatitis, or tuberculosis. The Lancet. 2016;388:1103–1114. The review focuses on the clinical management of those with HIV, viral hepatitis, and/or tuberculosis in an incarcerated setting. - PMC - PubMed

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